What forces act on an airplane?
What forces act on an airplane?
There are four forces acting on an airplane in flight:
lift, weight, thrust and drag.
We already know that lift
comes from the wings. What about the other forces?
Weight is a force caused by gravity.
You've felt gravity every time you jump. Gravity is what pulls you and
everything else back down to the ground. This "pulling down" by
gravity is what causes you to have a "weight" that you measure when
you step on a bathroom scale. An airplane's weight also pulls downward on it -
directly opposite to the lift force that is pulling the airplane up. It's like
the lift and weight forces are playing a game of tug-of-war. One pulls in one
direction and the other pulls in the opposite direction. For level flight, lift
and weight must balance each other out.
Thrust, caused by the
airplane's engines, is the force that moves the airplane forward. If an
airplane did not keep moving, air would stop moving over and under the wings.
Without this movement of air, the wings could not create lift, and the airplane
would start to fall back to the ground!
Drag is the force that
tries to slow down a moving object. To lessen the drag that an airplane feels,
most airplanes are made more aerodynamic, or streamlined, to reduce the amount
of drag they feel. A streamlined airplane has smooth surfaces and no bumpy
sections, causing as little resistance to the air as possible. Just like lift
and weight are opposite forces, thrust and drag are opposites to each other
too. For an airplane to keep flying, its thrust must be bigger than its drag.
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