How does an airplane fly?

How does an airplane fly?




Most of us have probably seen or felt wind blowing things like flags or kites around. But how is it possible that heavy airplanes (some weighing almost half a million pounds, or more than 200,000 kilograms) are able to be supported by air high above the ground?

The answer may sound strange at first, but it's actually the air that is pushing the airplane's wings and the rest of it up. The air under the wings pushes up more than the air on top of the wings pushes down. This "pushing" by the air is called air pressure. We can think of air pressure as air "press"-ing down or up against something else. On a windy day, you can actually feel the air pressure push against your body. The wings of an airplane "feel" a similar pushing, but there happens to be a bigger pressure under the wings and a smaller pressure on the top.


What's really amazing is why this happens. The special shape of an airplane's wing makes the air moving around it behave in a certain way. If we look at an airplane's wing from the side, we can see that the wing is a special shape called an airfoil.
An airfoil is curved on the top and flat on the bottom, causing some of the air to go over the top and the rest of the air to go along the bottom. This shape looks simple, but it is the main reason airplanes can fly at all. Because of the airfoil's curved shape, the air moving under the airfoil moves at a slower speed than the air going over the top.

A scientist named Daniel Bernoulli (Ber-NEW-lee), who lived more than 200 years ago, did work that proves slow-moving air causes a high pressure and fast-moving air causes a low pressure. Because there is a higher pressure "pushing" on the underside of the wing than on the top, the bottom pressure wins out overall and the wings (and the airplane attached to it) are pushed up, making the entire thing fly!
You can actually see this for yourself. If you take a strip of paper and blow over the top of it as shown in the picture below, the paper will rise.
What happened? You lowered the pressure that was pushing down on the top of the paper, causing the pressure on the bottom side of the paper to push the paper strip up. The same thing happens when air pushes on the bottom side of an airplane's wing. The pressure that is pushing the airplane up creates a force called lift in the upwards direction.
For a further explanation of iflt.

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